Jungian Therapy & the Second Half of Life, 5: Freedom
The word freedom often appears in discussions about the second half of life, but often the particular depth of understanding that Jungian therapy would attach to the word is lacking.
Not long ago, people talked about “Freedom 55”, the idea that one would be able to retire and leave work behind at age 55. However, particularly since the economic contraction of 2008, this may seem much less possible. Yet, this type of fantasy retains its power: we often hear phrases like “imagine the freedom” associated with, say, winning the lottery.
However, another concept much more closely associated with what used to be called spirituality may have more relevance in the second half of life. Jungian analyst James Hillman once observed,
[W]e haven’t thought about… freedom enough. It needs to be internalized as an inner freedom from “demand” itself… that comes when you’re free from those compulsions to have and to own and to be someone…. [We need a concept] that broadens our current limited idea of freedom: that I can do any goddamn thing I want on my property; that I am my own boss and don’t want government interference; that I don’t want anybody telling me what I can and can’t do…
Externals and Freedom
We easily identify “externals” that keep us from being free, such as my boss, my job or my financial limitations. It’s true: my external circumstances always limit my freedom – just as they also create my possibilities. But in our time and culture, is being free from externals the freedom that we really most need?
Freedom from Inner Compulsion
Like Jungian therapy in general, Hillman suggests the greatest restrictions we face may actually be inner. Yearning for more self esteem, we may thirst for: respect and approval of others; ownership of house or car that says we’ve “made it”; or, status or qualifications that show that we “are somebody”. Or we feed addictions, thus avoiding dealing with shame or anxiety. Could release from inner compulsions make us free?
Free… For What?
We assume we need to be free “from” externals. But Hillman and Jungian therapy bid us consider what our freedom is actually for. What do we need to be free to find in the second half of life ?
Authenticity and Meaning
Jungian therapy emphasizes the self in the second half of life: what does freedom mean from this perspective? Surely letting the self live freely, and finding one’s life purpose in doing so. Perhaps the Greek author Nikos Kazantzakis summed it up best in his epitaph:
“I expect nothing. I fear nothing. I am free.”
[cta]
John Ferric
I find it very interesting that alleged “Jungians” seem to not pay any attention to Jung himself. Consider that in many traditions “men of a certain age” leave home, family and society and become “wandering mendicants.” The essence of this way of life is spelled out reasonably well in “The Way of the Pilgrim.” Now look to Jung himself, he went to the lake shore, leaving famiy and home, while not “wandering” he made his own way through the balance of his life, cooking for himself, drawing water from the well, chopping wood, tending to his own needs, looking after himself. But what of “men of a certain age” in our culture? They are still emeshed in family life, unable to separate themselves and tend their own needs. They settle for an “image” of being content, good grandparents, happy travelers, etc., but no inner process is taking place, it is all “surface” material. Jung points some of this out in “The Spiritual Problem of Modern Man.”
Brian C
Thank you for your comment, John. I think that there is some real validity to your comment, in the sense that, in many cultures, the latter years are seen as the time for a particular journey into the inner depths. Sometimes this is concretized into an outer journey or retreat, as was often seen to be the latter stage of the journey for Hindus of the Brahmin class. Sometimes, there was just a recognition that the older individual had inner work, or work with the spirits to do. I think that certainly, the essential point is that the latter part of life was intended to be a journey into the depths, what Jung often referred to as the “night sea journey”. I think we would do well, as a culture to recognize the deep need of individuals to make such a journey.
jamenta
Freedom appears to be paradoxical given the Jungian perspective of the psyche. Apparently – we are more free when we listen to our unconscious more, and do not fight upstream toward the direction it would like to take us.
It is a bit of a parodox. Yet we must accept that the unconscious has a greater breadth and purview than the conscious ego – and therefore knows better the destination that will fulfill one’s deepest yearnings and aspirations – will provide the most meaningful life.
The ego rebels because it does not wish to lose control – and fears anything outside its scope. I would say part of individuation is knowing when to stand aside – and let the unconscious do its thing – let your destiny play itself out.